段落的扩展有多种方式，常见的有列举，举例，递进，因果，比较和对照，写作时一个段落一般会涉及到一种扩展方法的运用，而全文的主体段落则往往是几种方法结合使用。每种扩展方法在表现形式上必须由关联词引出或衔接，具体关联词如下：
    1.列举
    常见的关联词有： first, second, finally; for one thing, for another thing; on one hand, on the other hand等
    2.举例
    常见的关联词有： for example, for instance; one example is… , another example is…； such as 等
    3.递进
    常见的关联词有：furthermore, moreover, besides, in addition, what's more等
    4.因果
    常见的关联词有：because, since, for, owing to, due to, as a result, because of, so, there fore, thus, consequently, accordingly等
    5.比较和对比
    常见的关联词有：on the contrary, in contrast, in #parison, on the other hand, likewise, while, whereas, yet, but, however等